What's Inside My Computer?

The base of operations for the brains of a computer is themotherboard. Themotherboardserves as a literal foundation for many of the other elements inside your computer. It's a large printed circuit board. The motherboard provides the connections and sockets that let other components communicate with each other. Motherboards come in different shapes and sizes — a motherboard in a laptop computer might not look like one from a desktopPC.

计算机的大脑a微处理器called thecentral processing unit(CPU). The CPU is a chip containing millions of tiny transistors. It's the CPU's job to perform the calculations necessary to make the computer work — the transistors in the CPU manipulate the data. You can think of a CPU as the decision maker.

Another critical component in computers is memory. The two most important kinds of memory areread-only memory(ROM) andrandom access memory(RAM). Computers can read data stored inROM, but can't write new data to it. WithRAM, computers can read from and write to that memory. Without computer memory, every calculation on a computer would bestateless. That means there'd be no way to preserve information from one moment to the next and every process would start on a clean slate. That's not useful if you want to create complex programs.

Many desktop PCs have the capacity for additional RAM. The user simply has to open the computer and plug RAM chips into the appropriate sockets on the motherboard. But other computers are sealed systems — you aren't meant to open them and make changes, so you're pretty much stuck with what you've got.

A chip called theBasic Input/Output System(BIOS) works closely with the CPU.BIOSis a specific kind of ROM. If you think of the CPU as the brain of the computer, then you might consider BIOS to be the spine. It's the job of BIOS to handle interactions between the software running on a computer and the machine's hardware components.

The motherboard, CPU, ROM, RAM and BIOS handle most of the heavy lifting for computer processes. They're in charge of allocating resources to applications so that they run smoothly. They also accept input from devices likekeyboards,miceand other computer accessories.

There are plenty of other components inside your computer. Let's get into the guts of a computer in the next section.